1
Model identification |
Soil
Erosion Network - Model |
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1.1
Model name |
LISEM
- Water erosion |
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1.2
Most recent version |
3.0 |
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1.3
Date of release |
October
1995 |
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2
Water erosion |
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3
Contact person |
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3.1
Name |
Dr
Ad P.J. De Roo. |
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3.2
Address |
Department
of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80115, 3508
TC Utrecht, The Netherlands |
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3.3
Tel |
+31
30 253 5773 |
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3.4
Fax |
+31
30 254 0604 |
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3.5
Email |
a.deroo@frw.ruu.nl |
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4
Model Author(s) |
Dr.
Ad P.J. De Roo, Mr. C.G. Wesseling, Dr. V.G. Jetten (INRA, Laon,
F). Mr. C.J. Ritsema (Staring Centre, Wageningen). |
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5
Model components |
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5.1
Water erosion: |
Splash
detachment: using Aggregate Stability (new). Flow detachment:
using soil cohesion (EUROSEM). Transport capacity: using D50
(Govers; EUROSEM). |
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5.2
Wind erosion: |
- |
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5.3
Hydrology: |
Seven
options: (1) no infiltration (2) Richards equation (3) Richards
plus wheeltracks (4) Richards plus crust plus wheeltracks (5)
Holtan (6) Green/Ampt (7) two layer Green/Ampt; using Manning
equation catchment. |
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5.4
Site/topography: |
- |
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5.5
Plant growth: |
- |
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5.6
Management: |
Simulates
roughness, wheeltracks, paved roads, effects of field strips
and grassed waterways. |
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5.7
Soil: |
For
Richards: unlimited amount of layers. |
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5.8
Chemistry: |
- |
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5.9
Weather: |
Breakpoint
rainfall data, multiple rain gauges. |
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6
Model characteristics |
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6.1
Spatial |
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6.1.1
Class of area: |
Catchment |
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6.1.2
Flow routing system: |
Kinematic
wave on rasters; separate for overland flow and channel network |
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6.1.3
Minimum area: |
0.5
ha. |
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6.1.4
Maximum area: |
Roughly
estimated at 200 km2: not suitable for catchments
containing large rivers (larger than pixel). |
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6.2.
Temporal |
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6.2.1
Timestep: |
User
defined, from 1 second up to several minutes. |
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6.2.2
Single or multiple event? |
Single
event. |
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6.2.3
Maximum simulation duration: |
A
few days. |
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7
Model's representation of processes |
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7.1
Water erosion processes |
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7.1.1
Interrill: |
Lumped
with rill erosion; however, within the pixel flow can be concentrated;
using EUROSEM
equation. |
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7.1.2
Rill: |
When
critical shear velocity for rill initiation is exceeded (Rauws
& Govers). |
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7.1.3
Gully: |
In
preparation. |
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7.1.4
Streambank: |
When
there is transport capacity left over and the channel bed cohesion
is sufficiently small. |
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7.1.5
Deposition: |
When
transport capacity is exceeded (EUROSEM) equation). |
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7.2
Wind erosion processes: |
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7.2.1
Creep/surface roll: |
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7.2.2
Saltation: |
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7.2.3
Suspension |
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7.3
Hydrological processes: |
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7.3.1
Evaporation/transpiration: |
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7.3.2
Runoff: |
Kinematic
wave and Manning equation. |
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7.3.3
Infiltration |
Richards,
Holtan or one or two layer Green/Ampt |
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7.3.4
Subsurface flow: |
In
preparation. |
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7.3.5
Return flow |
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7.4
Plant processes: |
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7.4.1
Light interception and photsynthesis: |
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7.4.2
Dry matter and residue |
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7.4.3
Root growth: |
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7.4.4
Pests: |
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7.4.5
CO2 sensitivity: |
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7.5
Soil: |
Unlimited
number of layers (Richards). |
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7.5.1
Crust development |
Crust
development in preparation, a partly crusted surface can be
simulated with Richards. |
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7.5.2
Aggregate properties |
Aggregate
stability. |
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7.6
Chemistry: |
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7.6.1
Nutrients: |
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7.6.2
Carbon |
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7.6.3
Pesticides |
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7.6.4
Other contaminants |
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7.7
Weather: |
Breakpoint
rainfall from multiple rain gauges. |
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7.8
Other: |
LISEM
simulates the effects of wheeltracks, roads, field strips, grassed
waterways, all smaller than the pixel size. Also the effects
of stones and crusts are simulated. |
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8
Input Data (* = Mandatory) |
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8.1
Weather: |
(All
spatial inputs are in a PC-based raster Geographical information)
breakpoint rainfall data (time, intensity). |
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8.2
Soil: |
Aggregate
stability, soil cohesion, D50, random roughness, fraction with
stones, fraction with crusts, initial moisture content or pressure
head, infiltration characteristics depending on infiltration
method (saturated hydraulic conductivity and other Richards/Green-Ampt
or Holtan parameters). |
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8.3
Hydrology: |
Manning's
n for overland flow and channels, channel dimensions. |
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8.4
Plant cover: |
Leaf
area index, fraction of soil cover, crop height. |
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8.5
Soil surface cover: |
Percentage
cover by vegetation, cover by stones, cover by crusts, cover
by roads, cover by wheeltracks. |
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8.6
Management: |
Location
and width of field strips and waterways. |
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8.7
Topography/site characteristics: = |
Slope
gradient, aspect (local drain direction). |
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8.8
Micro-topography: |
Random
roughness. |
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9
Output data |
Total
rainfall, total discharge, peak discharge, time of peak discharge,
runoff percentage of rainfall, total soil loss, average soil
loss, total infiltration, total splash detachment, total flow
detachment, total deposition; ASCII files to construct storm
hydrograph and sediment concentration graph; Maps of erosion
and deposition. Maps over overland flow at a number of predefined
times during the event. |
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10
Programming language |
C
+ +, Utrecht modelling language (Dynamite). |
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11
Computer requirements |
Minimum
386+math coprocessor + 4Mb ROM. For larger catchments a Pentium
is recommended. |
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12
Documentation |
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12.1
Scientific documentation: |
De
Roo, A.P.J., Wesseling, C.G., Cremers, N.H.D.T., Offermans,
R.J.E., Ritsema, C.J. and van Oostindie, K. (1994) LISEM: a
new physically-based hydrological and soil erosion model in
a GIS-environment: Theory and implementation. IAHS Publication
No. 224 (Proceedings of the Canberra Conference), 439-448.
De Roo,
A.P.J. and Offermans, R.J.E. (1995). LISEM: A Physically-based
hydrologic and soil erosion model for basin scale water and
sediment management: sensitivity analysis, calibration and
validation. IAHS Publication No. 231 (Proceedings of a Boulder
symposium), 399-407.
De Roo,
A.P.J., Wesseling, C.G. and Ritsema, C.J. (1995). LISEM: a
single event physically-based hydrologic and soil erosion
model for drainage basins. I: Theory, input and output. Hydrological
Processes (in press).
De Roo,
A.P.J., Offermans, R.J.E. and Cremers, N.H.D.T. (1995). LISEM:
a single event physically- based hydrologic and soil erosion
model for drainage basins. II: Sensitivity analysis, validation
and application. Hydrological Processes (in press).
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12.2
User's guide: |
User
manual (Dutch and English version). |
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12.3
Technical documentation: |
User
manual (Dutch and English version). |
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13
Availability |
On
request from author. Both LISEM and the PC-based GIS are distributed. |
14
Other Relevant Information |
There
are plans to include nutrient transport, subsurface flow, gully
erosion and evapotranspiration to make a continuous model version.
Also the dynamics of soil roughness and crusts are studied. |
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